Spring hammer



L. KNQCHL SPRING HAMME R Aug. 16,1927.

Filed April 30, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet .1

mm; for

: fll'l'omeg Zeb per

' Aug. 16, 1927. 1,639,459

L. KNOCHL SPRING HAMMER Filed April 50. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 111mm for Le 116C111.

'35 embodiment of the-control device ,according' I the direction, of'the arrows. However ac- Patented Aug.- is, 11927. v,

UNITED sTA'rEs 7 mo or vmmn, aus'rnm srnme Application nea-A ni'aaieu, Serial no; 710,1e1, and in na aa 9, 1923.

In spring hammers with eccentric or crank drives, arrangements are known which ren- 1 der'possible'a regulation of the strength of blow during the operation bymeans of varyingthestroke". of the tup or its position of height. These. arrangements are adjusted directly by the workman and therefore call fora great exertion of power, or take up a great deal of time for their operation particularly in case of large. hammers.

ing crank, 8 a. lever in the shape of a slide whose pivot 4 is adjusted in the direction 0 the arrows by means of the-new control device.

Figs-4 and 5 illustrate the construction of a control device which consists of two oppositely acting obstructions and makes use of the effect of the pressure-reversal of the rods.'

A c linder and valve casing 9 is secured to 65 or ormed in one piece w1th the hammer- The object of the present invention is to standard and completely filled with liquid.

provide a'spring-hammer (laminated spring hammer, hammer with rubber or air buffers) in which the adjustment is rendered possible without -any exertion of power and in a correspondingly quick manner in that an increase and decrease ofthe stroke oft-he tup is effected not directly by the workman but with the aid of a device, which makes use of the. effect of. the, pressure reversal of the re- 'ciprocating'masses of the hammer.

Several modes of carrying out the present invention,are shown by way of example on the accompanyingidrawings.

Figsf l and 2 show diagrammatically two different typesof hammersf Fig. 3 shows a modified; form of the hammer shown at Fig.1. a I y Fig. 4 is aside view of a hammer with one embodiment of thecontrol device shown partly in se tion,; f

Fig-5 Q detail section of the control device taken at right angles to Fig. 4. Fig.76 shows'asecond and, ig. 7. a third tothe'invention. 7, 1 i

In [thetup 2, sliding in straight guides, oir'the anvil block l the said tup being operated by a? la ninatedfspring 3,

T which swings about a pivot 4. "The lami-i nated spring 3 is oscillated by means of a con- .hectin'g rod 6 'operated by arotary'eccentric 5; .The pivotsof the-springismovably arranged "in a 'de of thestandard of the hammer, the ad ustmen t being. carried out incordingto-jtheinvention 'the pivot-of the spring is adjusted not directly'bythecontrol, but by meansof the new'control device.

i "In Fig-"2, 1 designates theanvil block, 2 vthe tup, 'ga lever with a curved spring, 4 its adjustabldpivotg 5- the -ecc.entric and 6 the connecting 1 connecting rod,'5 the crank-.Ipin of the driv-' place vin the opposite direction.

' gwhose. 'axisflof rotationv 22;.is-ffixed tothe In 'Fig. 3, 1 designates the anvil block, 2, the tup, 3 the spring/Z its fixed pivot, 6 the The pistons 10 and 11 are connected with one another by aframe 12, which passesround the cylinder-casin 9 and slides in a straight guide (Fig. 5) an is provided with a pivotal axis 4 for the clamp 4 of the laminated spring 3. The cylinder spaces 13 and 14 are in communication with a channel 15, which is furnished with two'nonreturn valves 16 and 17 the latter being alternately raised by means of pins 18 and 19, which are actuated by a lever 20, connectedin a convenient inannor to the hand or foot control" of the hammer. The acceleration pressures of the reciproeating masses of the tup produce a contmuous reversal of. ressure in the axis 4 of the hammer rods. 11 case the valves are closed the axis 4 will be at restand'the hamme'r .tup swings in thesame height. If for in-.

opposite. direction, as the valve 17 prevents a 9 passage of the liquid in the opposite direction; Therefore. at every reversal of the-pressure onlythe upwardly directed acceleration pres sure raises the frame 12', whilethe. downwardly" directed acceleration pressure is ob structe'd. As longas the valve 16 is lifted v the frame moves step by step upwardly, this being the faster the more the value 16 is opened; Thus, during this operation, the valve 17 acts as nonreturn' valve and obstruction',' an d the'valve 16 operates as reguafi g alves-and liquid brake. 'In order. to

move downwardly the frame 12, the valve 17 is raisedlandthe above peration takes p .6 illustrates anothercohstruction of a' device-which makes use of the-eifectjof the reversal-of pressure. [A (iranked lever 21,.

standard, {is provided with a' pivotal axisi l no .foii the lh'ammerro'dsat' one 'end and with; ,t'wqi ppositely actinjg toggle lever friction the hammer ratchet gears 23 and 24: at the other end. I A i circular segment 25 is also secured to the hammer standard and the friction-ratchet gears rest against the said segment,

sgop 26, arranged between the friction r tchet gears, is connected to the controlof in such a manner, that it can be adjusted parallel with respect to the segment 25. In order that the friction ratchet gears cannot get clamped with respect to one another owing to the effect of thereversal of ressure and therefore could be released wit great diflicul-ty only, the same are held apart sufiiciently far, so that a small back-lash arises and thereby an alternate clam ing. of the one friction-ratchet gear and a lifting of the other gear takes place at every reversal of pressure.

'If the stop 26 is at a standstill the hammer-tup reciprocates in the same height, as

the axis of rotation 4 of the rods carries out only a small movement which corresponds to the back-lash. In case the stop 26 'is shifted by the control for instance to the right hand side, it will be followed to such an extent by the cranked, lever 21 immediately 'an accleration pressure acts upwardly on the axis of rotation 4, until it again comes into-contact with the friction-ratchet gear 23 and after the overcoming of the back-lash the friction ratchet gear 24 will come into effect. After the subsequent reversal of pressure the upwardly acting acceleration pressure will produce a downward movement of the axis of rotation 4 of the rods which corresponds only to the small back-lash. After the following reversal of pressure the above procedure maybe repeated in case the stop 26 is further shifted.- In a similar manner a .do wardmovement of the axis of rotation 4 ofthe rods maybe carried out by shifting the stop 26 to the left hand side.

A third'exampleof 'a device-which makes a "use of the effect of the reversal of. pressure.

is illustrated in Fig. 7 A rack 27 is guided in the hammer-standard and is furnished with an axis of rotation 4 of the hammerrods and meshes with a toothed wheel 29, which is provided with -a brake-pulley 28'.

- v ratchet gears I of. thebrake pulley 28 and are pressed onto Two oppositely acting toggle lever friction- 30 and 31v act asthe latter by means of two cranked levers '32 and 33, which are connected with one .55.

. ratchet ears may e rier of s oc-brakes by one end of the latter b to a disengaging rod 35, while another by a s rin '34. I 1 The frictionnga 7 mean of a lever-26,

eing pivotallylsecured direction. In this case the axis of rotation 4 obstructions I ed in the man e other end thereof is suitably connected to the hammer-control. The stops 37, 38 and-39 are rigidly secured to the hammer-standard and a weak spring 40 serves for providing the friction-ratchet gears with the initial friction, necessary for starting the selfobstruction. a On moving the disengaging rod 35 to the right-hand side the same will contact with the cranked lever'33 and lift the frictionratchet gear 31 in the manner of a shoebrake, and in spite of the effect of the reversal of pressure the brake-pulley'28 can rotate clockwise only, as the friction-ratchet gear 30 prevents a rotation in the opposite moves downwardly, while in case the friction gear 30 is lifted the axis of rotation 4: will move upwardly.

I claim 1. In a'spring hammer a tup, means'for reciprocating the tup, means for controlling the reciprocating means. including two oppositely acting members operatively connected to the reciprocating means and adapted one to prevent the rising and the other to prevent the lowering ofthe reciproeating means, and means forlifting one of the said members, to control according to requirement the reciprocating means.

2. In a spring hammera tup, means for reciprocating the tup, means for controlling the reciprocating means including two oppositely acting hydraulic cylinders, a piston in each cylinder, said piston being connected to the reciprocating means, a channel for establishing communication between the working chambers of both cylinders, two

non-return valves arrangedin the channel,

and means for liftin' according to requirement one of the salt? valves, to control the direction of the fluid Ill). the channel.

3. In a spring hammer a tup, means for reciprocating the tup,- means for controlling the reciprocating means including two opositel acting hydraulic cylinders, in eac c linder, a frame operatively connected with therec'iprocating means and surrounding the two pistons, a channel for establishin communication between the working i c ambers' at both cylinders, two non-return valvesfarranged in the channel, and means for lifting according to requirement one of the said valves, t0 control the direction of the fluid in the'channel.

In testimonywhereof I afiixmy signature.

' Inc. LE0 KNocnL.

a' piston 105 I 

